Since 2010, the UK has faced unprecedented political and economic upheavals, some of which it has shared with other liberal market economies, and some which have been wholly unique. The upshot of all these developments, such as the global financial crisis and cost of living crisis, has been a pressure on government to cut spending, while trying to improve national productivity and worker participation rates which have stagnated in recent years.
Social security is delivered in Australia at Commonwealth government through Centrelink under Services Australia, which has over 300 offices across the country. The Commonwealth government commissions employment programs for delivery across Australia. The six states and two territories are at liberty to commission their own individual employment programs to fill gaps in Commonwealth-commissioned services.
The United States, comprised of 50 states (and the district of Columbia) has a vast array of different welfare to work programmes operating at the federal, state, county and city level. While there have been two changes of administration since 2010, and large-scale government spending through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act under President Trump and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill under President Biden.